The Museum of History has been located in the Old Court on Cathedral Square since 1938. Its eclectic collection of exhibits documents the culture and history of Bamberg.

The museum accommodates a large number of treasures. Besides a significant collection of coins, it is also home to the so-called false gods of Bamberg and the wooden model of the Fourteen Saints pilgrim's church, created in Balthasar Neumann's workshop. An exhibition is devoted to Bamberg's 19th century bourgeois culture, with another spotlighting masterpieces by artists such as Lucas Cranach and Pieter Brueghel. Five additional collections are presented in showcases: important archaeological findings, a collection of melee weapons and guns, a collection of furniture, clocks and watches and various other treasures. Special changing exhibitions add another element of interest.